Saturday, December 28, 2019
Restaurant Review Essay - 783 Words
The Big Cheese Italian Restaurant Review Charlotte Perkins Professor Alexandra Alessandri English 1101 11 October 2011 Charlotte Perkins Professor Alexandra Alessandri ENC 1101 6 November 2011 The Big Cheese Italian Restaurant Review The sweet smell of garlic, tickles your nose as you park your car. Its sweet aroma guides your taste buds to the unassuming establishments were the Italian flavor lingers in the air. First Impression: The Big Cheese Italian Restaurant lives up to its name. When you first drive up, the parking spaces are tight and the area is very crapped. But once you are seated and begin your dining experience you forget about all the things that are not ideal and enjoy the delicious meals thatâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦All the entrees came just as we finished the wings and calamari. We had encountered difficulty finishing the Caesar Salad. The combination of pepperoni, mushrooms, sausage, onions, green peppers , black olives, ham and mozzarella complimented each other as the flavors and remnants oozed out of the fresh dough. The red sauce that accompanied the Calzone had an extra hint of garlic which is the aroma that is used in many of the dishes that came past our table. It was very hard concentrating on what we order when all the dishes that came past us smelled and looked so good. Dessert: Tiramisu and Double Chocolate Mousse Cake called from the menu. Since the meal was so filling, we took our dessert home. The next morning the tiramisu was just as I expected with the right amount of liqueur. My taste buds were not disappointed and although it was not intended for breakfast, I was completely satisfied with my choice of desserts. They are a sponsor for the University of Miami and it shows. The takeout counter has a bristling business on a Friday night. Many of the patrons at the restaurant were donning U of M jerseys and the like. Our bottle of water had the University of Miami logo on the face and we were happy to support the restaurants sponsorship of the football program. Service: Our server was excellent. She made suggestions when we were torn on the dishes and provide recommendations for the Calzone and Stromboli. The Big CheeseShow MoreRelated Re staurant Review Essay584 Words à |à 3 Pages Restaurant Review nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It was rainy, crowded and loud at the entrance, the smell of cigarette and rum filled the air of the lobby area. It was Saturday night at the T.G.I.F in San Francisco, the Giantââ¬â¢s were playing so the place was packed and fans were being loud. The restaurant is located on a corner nearby Pier 39 and it almost has an Aspen look to it. The building itself is made of bricks with big colorful windows and huge cherry finished wooden doors withRead MoreEssay on Yamashiro Restaurant Review1661 Words à |à 7 PagesYamashiro Restaurant Dave Thomas an American restaurateur and a philanthropist once said, ââ¬Å"It all comes back to the basic. Serve customers the best-tasting food at a good value in a clean, comfortable restaurant, and theyll keep coming back.â⬠(thomas). Everyone can agree on Dave Thomas, but I have a couple more criteria to add to his idea of a great successful restaurant. If I go out to eat I might as well pick a place that, though may be expensive, has scrumptious food because why bother goingRead MoreTraining and Narrative Report768 Words à |à 4 PagesTieoyjhmrgrgrgrgrgrgrgf, Ads related toà narrative report for ojt Hotel Hotels: Booking.com - Book Without Commissionà www.booking.com/Hotels Book at over 275,000à hotelsà online booking.com is ratedà à (1,432 reviews) Hotels in London Hotels in Edinburgh Hotels in Manchester Hotels in Glasgow Cornerstone software - camLine launches Cornerstone 5.1à www.camline.com/ DoE, 6 sigma, EDA ââ¬â read moreâ⬠¦ Hotel Reportsà - webcrawler.comà www.webcrawler.com/ Search multiple engines forà hotelRead MoreMy Reflection Of Writing1579 Words à |à 7 PagesThis semester I wrote three essays; a review essay, annotated bibliography, and a research paper. As I wrote these essays I learned what they were, why they are written, and why people use these to obtain information. Throughout this course I enjoyed writing the essays and learning new things from what I was writing about. Although some were not easy I still took my time and made sure they were perfect in my eyes. While taking this class I learned a new perspective of writing these specific papersRead MoreIs Classical Sociology Still Relevant Today? Essay1219 Words à |à 5 Pagesone concept or argument developed within classical sociology. Critically evaluate the use made of this concept or argument by contemporary sociology in trying to understand a current social issue This essay looks at the argument taken from a classical sociologist called Weber, throughout this essay it explains rationalization and how it has become modernized using Ritzer to explain this by demonstrating his McDonaldization theory. The theory will be clarified by contemporary sociologists by lookingRead MoreA Swot Analysis Of Golden Dragon Chinese1274 Words à |à 6 PagesAustralian and seafood Restaurant were build in 1980, which is, belongs Jumbo Leagues Pty Ltd. It is a relax traditional dining restaurant especially for whole family, party and celebration. It has variety dishes such as Australian and Chinese cuisine and seafood as well. Besides, it can offering 180 seats dining room in the same time, is good place for tour groups where to go. However Golden Dragon also has some insufficient, so this essay will present a SWOT Analysis of the restaurant and give some suggestionsRead MoreExamining Discourse on Disability 1493 Words à |à 6 Pagessomewhere in between the two . In fact Mairs starts off by saying that, ââ¬Å"[f]or months now Iââ¬â¢ve been consciously searching for representation of myself in the media, especially in television.â⬠(Mairs) Thus, it is very clear that the main focus of her essay is on the representation of the handicapped in media. Furthermore, Mairs is very straightforward with her opinion on the matter. She begins by mentioning a television special including a woman with her own disability (multiple sclerosis, or M.S. forRead MoreCompetency 9 Of Teaching Adolescent Writers908 Words à |à 4 PagesHe took this writing and sorted into piles he assumed were ââ¬Å"heavy readers (defined as those who frequently read for fun),â⬠¦ moderate readers, andâ⬠¦ light readersâ⬠(73). Gallagher based these predictions on the diction, sentence structure and variety, essay development, craft, and punctuation and editing skills (74). As Gallagher asserts, these predictions are not entirely accurate, but they allowed him to understand that the majority of heavy readers are skilled writers because they have an underlyingRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Essay1480 Words à |à 6 Pagesââ¬Å"Shitty First Draftsâ⬠by Anne Lamott, is a hilarious must read for junior high school students and any other aspiring writers. Her essay inspires comfort and confidence in writing a first draft. It concretes that all writers experience the ââ¬Å"shittyâ⬠first draft. Anne Lamott wrote this instructional information in 1995, but it is timeless information. She blows the idea of writing an immaculate first draft out of the water. Anne supports the idea that bad first drafts will almost always lead to betterRead MoreThe Impact Of Performance Management On The Worlds Largest Franchise Chain1626 Words à |à 7 Pagesconsistently be used as an example to provide a discourse for the evaluations within this study. Founded in 1940, McDonalds is a global restaurant-based organisation that specialises in fast foo d. It is the worldââ¬â¢s largest franchise chain that has a mixed specialisation in both speed of output, yet also consistent quality in all its stores. Introduction This essay will comprehensively analyse and assess relevant HR literature that supports the need for performance management in the context of McDonalds
Friday, December 20, 2019
Thesis If The Law Does Not Breach Person Aââ¬â¢S Moral Code,
Thesis: If the law does not breach person Aââ¬â¢s moral code, and person A knows beyond a reasonable doubt that breaking the law could harm another human being (weighing the potential consequences), it is morally wrong for person A to knowingly violate the laws of country C. If [Conditions] are not met, then it is morally permissible. Part One: Iââ¬â¢d like to examine my thesis in parts. First, If a law were to breach person Aââ¬â¢s moral code, the law itself would go against what person A reasonably believes to be the right thing to do. For the purpose of my thesis, I want to consider that person A is a morally sound individual and at least in part, most of her moral views fall in line with the essential moral values of the society. By essential, Iâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Faced without an option the choice here would probably be to hit the one person. The same scenarioââ¬â¢s can translate into breaking the law. Imagine you are put in a scenario where you have to choose between killing an innocent stranger and protecting your family, or have your family die, and if you choose neither, everyone dies. A reasonable person is most likely going to choose the middle option. This may not be legally permissible because you are killing an innocent human being, but morally I believe it is permissible. After w eighing the consequences of the situation, it seems as though you are excused while attempting to choose the most overall good outcome. Now I want to consider the case of basic rights. Laws that breach a persons basic rights could go against someones moral code. For example Susan lives in a town that prohibits feeding the homeless on the streets. Susan believes that humans have a basic right to not starve to death, she also believes that we have a moral duty to help those who are suffering around us (her specific beliefs, not societies). Susan knows that giving her muffin to the man on the street will be against the law and will result in a ticket, however, not feeding the man would be almost morally intolerable for Susan. As my thesis mentions though, her breaking the law would not be hurting another human being, sheââ¬â¢d actually be helping someone.Show MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography: Plagiarism39529 Words à |à 158 Pages Achieving this goal requires that they preserve t he integrity and uphold the credibility of scientific research. They universally regard plagiarism as one of the most serious forms of academic dishonesty and misconduct and a serious violation of moral and ethical standards. Yet, some authors, even those with extensive research experience from respected academic institutions, continue to commit plagiarism. Some individuals have been guilty of republishing significant portions of their own work withoutRead MoreGame Theory and Economic Analyst83847 Words à |à 336 Pagesmathematicians would have been able to observe. One could say that J. Von Neumann was the person who both conferred a sense of scientiï ¬ c legitimacy upon this mathematical construction, and whose work would lead to the connection with economic analysis.2 The principal stages were as follows: â⬠¢ â⬠¢ 1928: Von Neumann demonstrates his minimax theory. This demonstration occurs within the framework of a category of two-person zero-sum games in which, to use Borelââ¬â¢s terminology, chance (hasard) plays no Read MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words à |à 463 Pagespermission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, DesignsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words à |à 1573 Pagesfor Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? ââ¬Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Womenâ⬠12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise Workforce Diversity 32 Ethical Dilemma Jekyll and Hyde 33 Case Incident 1 ââ¬Å"Lessons for ââ¬ËUndercoverââ¬â¢ Bossesâ⬠Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words à |à 702 Pagessecond biggest computer maker, chose Carly Fiorina, a charismatic visionary, to be its CEO, and she engineered a merger with Compaq. But growth in profitability did not follow, and early in 2005, the board fired Fiorina. Mark Hurd, an operational person, replaced her, and brought the company to PC dominance. But Michael Dell is fighting back. Boeing long dominated the worldwide commercial aircraft market, with the European Airbus only a minor player. A series of Boeing blunders, however, coupled
Thursday, December 12, 2019
System development life cycle Essay Example For Students
System development life cycle Essay The study contains the brief overview of the system development life rhythm followed in Shriv Commedia Solutions Pvt Ltd. The undertaking includes the equal proficient inside informations about the different stages including the practical illustration of Bank direction system developed by SCMS for its client Corporate Bank. The methodological analysis followed by SCMS for scheduling the undertaking ( utilizing Gantt chart ) and the package used in helping the planning procedure are described in study. Assorted trials including the feasibleness trial conducted by system analyst and proficient trials conducted by developer are mentioned with the process followed during the proving procedure. The possible menaces which may ensue to the loss of information have been described in the study and the recommendations ( solutions ) to avoid such menaces are besides discussed. In general, the study includes the process of the information system development in SCMS along with the practical description of the SDLC procedure, Gantt chart, proving procedure and the menaces for the information system ( with recommendations ) . Relevant illustrations are included wherever felt necessary to ease the reader for easy apprehension of the study. Shriv Commedia Solutions Pvt ltd ( SCMS ) is a dedicated package based company which focuses in countries like Software development, Web designing, Multimedia services, Outsourcing, E-commerce, Technical authorship, Search engine optimisation and proving solutions, supplying the services to the clients runing from public to private sector. Shriv Commedia Solutions Pvt Ltd has been runing under the package development atmosphere since 2001. It has its caput office located in India and the subdivisions in UK, Canada and US, all of them concentrating on finest, cost-efficient and timely solutions. With the chief pillars, mission, vision and values, SCMS has been quickly come oning in today s competitory IT universe. It has been successful in supplying the advanced and perfect solutions to its clients with the client based attack. From the list of systems developed by SCMS we have decided to discourse the Bank direction system developed for ââ¬Ëcorporate bankââ¬â¢ by SCMS. Corporate bank was established on 1906 and is one of the imperative clients of SCMS since 2004. The system developed by SCMS for Corporate bank is designed in the manner to accomplish the maximal security for the databases used to hive away the inside informations about all the banking minutess every bit good as the history inside informations of the costumiers. It is besides capable of entering the information of the bank employees. For illustration, Employee paysheet records, inside informations of employee and the attending of employee. The system developed is able to work with all, cyberspace, intranet every bit good as extranet. It was besides optimized to work with different runing system and was capable to be upgraded along with the debut of the new engineering. Taking the same banking direction system developed by SCMS into consideration, each of the development methodological analysis is discussed farther in the undertaking. Outline1 Information System Model in Shriv ComMedia Solutions Pvt. Ltd.2 1. Planing Phase: 3 2. Analysis Phase: 4 3. Design stage: 5 4. Execution stage: 6 5. Support: 7 1. All activities or undertaking are listed in program8 2. Ploting the undertakings onto the program9 3. Schedule the undertakings10 1. Operational Feasibility:11 2. Agenda feasibleness:12 3. Technical feasibleness:13 4. Economic feasibleness:14 1. Functional Testing:15 a. Validation Test16 B. Specific functional trial ( UNIT TEST )17 2. System Trial:18 3. Integration Trial:19 4. Performance Testing:20 5. Arrested development Testing:21 1. Waiter Downtime:22 Hazard:23 Solution:24 2. Disused application and tools:25 Hazard:26 Solution:27 3. Computer Virus, Worms and Trojans:28 Hazards:29 Solutions:30 4. Denial of Service ( DoS ) onslaught:31 Hazard:32 Solution:33 5. Back doors:34 Hazard:35 Solutions:36 6. Hardware Failure:37 Hazard:38 Solutions: Information System Model in Shriv ComMedia Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Information System Model states an simple conceptual lineation for the major constituents and activities of information system. In Shriv Commedia Solution Pvt. Ltd, information system depends on the resource of people, package, hardware, informations and webs to execute input, processing, end product and storage and control activities that converts information resource into information merchandises. Information system Model of Shriv ComMedia Solutions Pvt. Ltd. illustrates that information system consists of 5 major Components: 1. Peoples RESOURCES: In SCMS people ( terminal users and IS specializers ) are necessary for the map of all information system. 2. SOFTWARE RESOURCES: it includes all sets of information processing instructions 3. HARDWARE RESOURCES: It comprises of all the physical stuffs and devices used in information processing. Machines: All physical devices: Computers, peripherals and telecommunication webs. Media: all touchable objects in which information is recorded Hardware resource in SCMS 4. DATA RESOURCE: Datas are natural facts and figures typically approximately physical phenomena or concern dealing. Data constitutes a valuable organisational resource. SCMS procedure informations into information and form it for future usage. In SCMS data resource of information system are typically organized into 5. NETWORK RESOURCE: It includes the agencies of communicating within the organisation or with the outside universe like cyberspace, intranet by which informations or information can be transferred between the different sections of the organisation. Telecommunication web like cyberspace, intranet and extranet have become indispensable for the organisations. Network resources includes System Development Lifecycle by and large consists of the five stages including Planning, Analysis, design, execution and support. All the five stages are arranged together and used to construct the information system. Followings are some of the SDLC theoretical account used by SCMS depending on the package s demand: Waterfall Model Prototype Model Iterative Model Coiling Model Agile package Development Model RAD Model In Shriv Commedia Solutions ( SCMS ) they foremost take the user demands and make up ones mind which type of theoretical accounts should be followed for the development of the system. The 2nd measure will be to form the activities by grouping them into larger classs called stages. In this manner the stages are formed into the cringle with support stage indicating to the planning stage whenever there is the necessity to alter in the information system. The alteration is determined by the users want of information in different format, release of new version, or due to the hardware going disused. When the alterations occur the planning stage begins once more and some portion of whole of the system is modified and the system development lifecycle starts once more. Independent Spirit EssayDifferent stages of functional testing were: a. Validation Test It fundamentally checked the Windows GUI criterions, Valid, invalid and bound informations input, Screen and field expression and visual aspect, and Overall consistence with remainder of the units. B. Specific functional trial ( UNIT TEST ) Low degree trials which were conducted to prove the single procedure and information flow. 2. System Trial: This trial was performed to look into whether all the units of the application were working together to bring forth the end product and there is no spreads in the informations flow from one unit to other. 3. Integration Trial: Integration trial was performed by linking the application with the different other application. The public presentation of the application with different other package was noted and the application was verified based on the consequences. 4. Performance Testing: This trial was carried out to verify that the system provides the acceptable response clip ( should non transcend 4 seconds ) . 5. Arrested development Testing: The chief aim of the arrested development trial was to detect the functionality and stableness of the package. It was automated with the aid of the machine-controlled testing tools. Test environment available in ocular studio and NUnit package was used to automatize the testing of the application designed for Corporate Bank. Several formal reappraisals were carried before and during the trials and they were documented. The major formal reappraisal points were placed in different phases of proving as shown in the diagram: When all the trials were performed by the developer and all the mistakes /bugs were fixed, the extra trials were performed to guarantee that system was working in incorporate mode. In this manner the application designed for the corporate bank was verified by the developer s squad. During the system development in SCMS there are assorted security that arises which may take to the information loss. Following are some of the security hazards and their solutions to forestall the information loss: 1. Waiter Downtime: Hazard: Server downtime may do the waiter to halt working so that the full computing machine bridged with the waiter will be unable to link with waiter. This may do the loss of the information when the information is being sent to server. Solution: Before upgrading or migrating to a different physical waiter, make certain waiters pass all trials prior to full deployment, and trial and debug all applications prior to full deployment. 2. Disused application and tools: Hazard: Due to the defect in the application and tools the loss of the information may happen. Hardware clangs and Software failure may happen doing the information loss. Solution: Make the careful stock list of the all applications and tools presently in usage, prior to system execution. Always use the sure Hardware trade names and package trade names to avoid the hardware/software failure. Benchmarking proving can turn out fruitful to look into the hardware or package. 3. Computer Virus, Worms and Trojans: Hazards: These are the malicious-logic plan which act without user cognition can change the computing machine s operation and consequence to information loss. Solutions: Following steps can be adopted to forestall the computing machine viruses, worms and Dardans: Prevent get downing the computing machine with removable media in thrusts. Never open an e-mail fond regard from beginning other than trusted. Set the macro security degree to medium in the word processing or spreadsheet plans. Install the echt version of the operating system Install the good antivirus package ( updatable, dependable and efficient ) 4. Denial of Service ( DoS ) onslaught: Hazard: A DoS onslaught is designed to overload the waiter. The culprits use the packages of codifications to direct 1000 of petitions to the waiter so that the valid user ca nt link the waiter. Solution: The best manner to forestall the DoS onslaught is non allowing the DoS manner onslaughts near the webserver. The tools like Apache s mod_security or mod_dosevasive/mod_evasive can be used to drop the opprobrious IP reference at the firewall before they get anyplace near the webserver. 5. Back doors: Hazard: Back doors are the coder created algorithms which beltway security mechanisms and provides the entree to the plans so as to entree the plan for trouble-shooting or salvaging the development clip. But hackers and crackers use back doors to derive entree to plan and shoot the malicious codification to the plan doing the information loss. Solutions: Scan for the Back doors with the aid of tools available in market. Eg: SpyHunter security tool Update the antispyware package For developer: Try avoiding the back doors during the design stage or extinguish the back doors before the bringing of the package to the client. 6. Hardware Failure: Hazard: Hardware failure can do the loss of information stored in difficult thrusts. Solutions: Frequently backup the difficult thrusts Use Redundant Array of Independent Disks ( RAID ) to forestall hardware clangs Online Storage of the informations and information After the research conducted on the System Development lifecycle of Shriv Commedia Solutions Pvt Ltd we came to reason that the company ( SCMS ) follows the general five stages of the information system development rhythm for the undertaking received. It follows all the five stages exhaustively and tends to run into the user demands by developing the perfect duplicate solutions for their concern. We came to cognize that the system analyst has the major function in the development procedure as he/she Acts of the Apostless as the span between both users and developers. Analyst is the individual who conducts the feasibleness trials and decides the suitableness of the undertaking for company. The undertaking development squad dwelling of different degree of employees work on the undertaking, as scheduled on Gantt chart, designed by the undertaking leader. SCMS conducts the different trials during and after the designing of the application to do the application error-free before it is delivered to the client. There are besides many security menaces for the application which may do the information loss. By the aid of the research we came to cognize the steps to extinguish the security hazards and protect the loss of information. In general, after the research on SCMS and its system development methodological analysis in instance of Corporate Bank ( one of its client ) we had the elaborate cognition of the different stages of the information system development lifecycle and the possible menaces for the information loss.
Wednesday, December 4, 2019
Systemic anatomy free essay sample
The muscles of tongue can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic groups. The intrinsic muscles lie entirely within the tongue, while the extrinsic muscles attach the tongue to other structures. The extrinsic muscles reposition the tongue, while the intrinsic muscles alter the shape of the tongue for talking and swallowing. Extrinsic tongue muscles, by definition, originate from structures outside the tongue and insert into the tongue. The four paired extrinsic muscles protrude, retract, depress, and elevate the tongue: Muscle From Nerve Function Genioglossus muscle mandible-(Genial Tubercles) hypoglossal nerve Protrudes the tongue as well as depressing its center. Hyoglossus muscle hyoid bone Depresses the tongue. Styloglossus muscle styloid process Elevates and retracts the tongue. Palatoglossus muscle palatine aponeurosis pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve Depresses the soft palate, moves the palatoglossal fold towards the midline, and elevates the back of the tongue. Intrinsic muscles Four paired intrinsic muscles of the tongue originate and insert within the tongue, running along its length. These muscles alter the shape of the tongue by: engthening and shortening it, curling and uncurling its apex and edges, and flattening and rounding its surface. The superior longitudinal muscle runs along the superior surface of the tongue under the mucous membrane, and elevates, assists in retraction of, or deviates the tip of the tongue. It originates near the epiglottis, the hyoid bone, from the median fibrous septum. The inferior longitudinal muscle lines the sides of the tongue, and is Joined to the styloglossus muscle. The verticalis muscle is located in the middle of the tongue, and Joins the superior and inferior longitudinal muscles. The transversus muscle divides the tongue at the ed to the mucous membranes . the tongue that run along the sides 2. The muscle that . -Protrude -Retract -Depress -Retraction, elevation of posterior third -Shape changes The Genioglossus mus protrudes the tongue. Remember that contraction of the right genioglossus muscle (for example) points the tip of the tongue to the patients left. The Styloglossus muscle retracts the tongue upward and backward. Also the Palatoglossus muscle retracts the tongue upward and backward. The Hyoglossus muscle depresses the tongue. The Levator veli palatini muscle elevates the soft palate during swallowing. The Longitudinal, tranverse and vertical muscles of the tongue. They help to change the shape of the tongue. 3. Muscle of pharyngeal wall. The pharyngeal wall is formed by skeletal muscles and by fascia. Gaps between the muscles are reinforced by the fascia and provide routes for structures to pass through the wall. The muscles of the pharynx are organized into two groups based on the orientation of muscle fibers. The constrictor muscles have fibers oriented in a circular direction relative to the pharyngeal wall, whereas the longitudinal muscles have fibers oriented vertically. The three constrictor muscles on each side are major contributors to the structure of the pharyngeal wall and their names indicate their positionâ⬠superior, middle, and inferior constrictor muscles. Posteriorly, the muscles from each side are Joined together by the pharyngeal raphe. Anteriorly, these muscles attach to bones and ligaments related to the lateral margins of the nasal and oral cavities and the larynx. The constrictor muscles overlap each other in a fashion resembling the walls of three flower pots stacked one on the other. The inferior constrictors overlap the lower margins of the middle constrictors and, in the ame way, the middle constrictors overlap the superior constrictors. Collectively, the muscles constrict or narrow the pharyngeal cavity. When the constrictor muscles contract sequentially from top to bottom, as in swallowing, they move a bolus of food through the pharynx and into the esophagus. All of the constrictors are innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve [X]. The superior constrictor muscles together bracket the upper part of the pharyngeal cavity. Each muscle is attached anteriorly to the pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, and adjacent bone of he mandible. From these attachments , the muscle tans out posteriorly and Joins witn its partner muscle from the other side at the pharyngeal raphe. A special band of muscle (the palatopharyngeal sphincter) originates from the anterolateral surface of the soft palate and circles the inner aspect of the pharyngeal wall, blending with the inner aspect of the superior constrictor. When the superior constrictor constricts during swallowing, it forms a prominent ridge on the deep aspect of the pharyngeal wall that catches the margin of the elevated soft palate, which then seals closed the haryngeal isthmus between the nasopharynx and oropharynx. The middle constrictor muscles are attached to the lower aspect of the stylohyoid ligament, the lesser horn of the hyoid bone, and the entire upper surface of the greater horn of the hyoid. Like the superior constrictors, the middle constrictor muscles fan out posteriorly and attach to the pharyngeal raphe. The posterior part of the middle constrictors overlaps the superior constrictors. The inferior constrictor muscles attach anteriorly to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage, and ligament that spans between these two attachments to cartilage and crosses the cricothyroid muscle . Like the other constrictor muscles, the inferior constrictor muscles spread out posteriorly and attach to the pharyngeal raphe. The posterior part of the inferior constrictors overlaps the middle constrictors. Inferiorly, the muscle fibers blend with and attach into the wall of the esophagus. The parts of the inferior constrictors attached to the cricoid cartilage bracket the narrowest part of the pharyngeal cavity. Longitudinal muscles The three longitudinal muscles of the pharyngeal wall are named according to their riginsâ⬠stylopharyngeus from the styloid process of the temporal bone, salpingopharyngeus from the cartilaginous part of the pharyngotympanic tube (salpinx is Greek for tube), and palatopharyngeus from the soft palate. From their sites of origin, these muscles descend and attach into the pharyngeal wall. Longitudinal muscles of the pharynx The longitudinal muscles elevate the pharyngeal wall, or during swallowing, pull the pharyngeal wall up and over a bolus of food being moved through the pharynx and into the esophagus. Stylopharyngeus The cylindrical stylopharyngeus muscle originates from the base of the medial urface of the styloid process of the temporal bone, descends between the superior and middle constrictor muscles to fan out on, and blend with, the deep surface of the pharyngeal wall. It is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve [10. Salpingopharyngeus Salpingopharyngeus is a small muscle originating from the inferior aspect of the pharyngotympanic tube, descending on, and blending into the deep surface of the pharyngeal wall. It is innervated by the vagus nerve [X]. Palatopharyngeus Palatopharyngeus , in addition to being a muscle of the pharynx, is also a muscle of the soft palate . It is attached to the upper surface of the palatine aponeurosis, and passes posteriorly and inferiorly to blend with the deep surface of the pharyngeal wall. Palatopharyngeus forms an important fold in the overlying mucosa (the palatopharyngeal arch). This arch is visible through the oral cavity and is a landmark for finding the palatine tonsil, which is immediately anterior to it on the oropharyngeal wall. The larynx, or voicebox, is an organ in the neck that plays a crucial role in speech and breathing. The larynx is the point at which t aerodigestive tract splits into two separate pathways: the inspired air travels through he trachea, or windpipe, into the lungs, and swallowed food enters the esophagus and passes into the stomach. Because of its location, the larynx has three important functions control of the airflow during breathing protection of the airway production of sound for speech. The larynx consisted of a framework of cartilage with surrounding soft tissue. The most prominent piece of cartilage is a shield-shaped structure called the thyroid cartilage. The anterior portion of the thyroid cartilage can be easily felt in thin necks as the Adams apple. Superior to the larynx (sometimes considered part of the arynx itself) is a U-shaped bone called the hyoid. The hyoid bone supports the larynx from above and is itself attached to the mandible by muscles and tendons. These attachments are important in elevating the larynx during swallowing and speech. The lower part of the larynx consists of a circular piece of cartilage called the cricoid cartilage. This cartilage is shaped like a signet ring with the larger portion of the ring in the back. Below the cricoid are the rings of the trachea. In the center of the larynx lie the vocal folds (also known as the vocal cords). The vocal folds are one of the most mportant parts of the larynx, as they play a key role in all three functions mentioned above. The vocal folds are made of muscles covered by a thin layer called mucosa. There is a right and left fold, forming a V when viewed from above. At the rear portion of each vocal fold is a small structure made of cartilage called the arytenoid. Many small muscles, described below, are attached to the arytenoids. These muscles pull the arytenoids apart from each other during breathing, thereby opening the airway. During speech the arytenoids and therefore the vocal folds are brought close together. As the air passes by the vocal folds in this position, they open and close very quickly. The rapid pulsation of air passing through the vocal folds produces a sound that is then modified by the remainder of the vocal tract to produce speech. This process is described in more detail in the page on vocal fold vibration. 4. Give the cartilage of larynx. Describe each. Laryngeal cartilages can refer to: The arytenoid cartilages are a pair of small three-sided pyramids which form part of the larynx, to which the vocal folds (vocal cords) are attached. These allow and aid in the vocal cords movement. Each is pyramidal or ladle-shaped in form and has three surfaces, a base, and an apex. The cricoid cartilage or simply cricoid is the only complete ring of cartilage around the trachea. The epiglottis is a flap that is made of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucous membrane, attached to the entrance of the larynx. It projects obliquely upwards behind the tongue and the hyoid bone, pointing dorsally. There are taste buds on the epiglottis. The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the nine cartilages that make up the laryngeal skeleton, the cartilage structure in and around the tracheathat contains the larynx. It is composed of two plate-like laminae that fuse on the anterior side of the cartilage to form a peak, called the laryngeal prominence. This prominence is often referred to as the pomus Adam' or Adams apple. The laryngeal prominence is more prominent in adult male than temale because ot 1200 in female. 5. Muscle of soft palate. Muscle Action levator veli palatini deglutition ne difference in the size ot the angle: 900 in male and Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus tensor veli palatini mandibular nerve palatoglossus respiration palatopharyngeus musculus uvulae moves uvula
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